Investigation of the metallurgical behavior of 310 austenitic stainless steel in the WAAM process

Abstract

This study presents the microstructural and mechanical characterization of a 310 austenitic stainless steel sample manufactured using the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process. Optical and electron microscopy analyses revealed a predominantly austenitic matrix with the presence of finely distributed particles, identified as potential chromium-rich carbides. EDS mapping confirmed the homogeneous distribution of the main alloying elements (Fe, Cr, Si, and Mn), with no signs of severe segregation. However, nickel was not detected in the EDS mapping; nevertheless, an optical emission spectrometry test was performed, which revealed the presence of nickel in accordance with the AWS 5.9 standard. The Vickers microhardness test showed average values between 193 and 201 HV, with slight variations across the indentations, indicating a solid and mechanically stable structure. These results suggest that the WAAM process, when properly controlled, is capable of producing 310 stainless steel components with good chemical uniformity, microstructural stability, and consistent mechanical properties. The application of this technology is promising for the manufacture of medium and large-scale parts intended for high-temperature environments, where oxidation resistance and thermal stability are critical requirements